Introduction: Identification and promotion of diagnostic methods has been a continuous effort to reduce disease and its complications and reduce costs associated with treatment. Despite all these efforts and improving our knowledge of diseases and diagnostic tools, pediatric appendicitis remains part of the diagnostic challenge in the surgical field. The aim of this is to compare the two diagnostic criteria of appendicitis (Children's Appendicitis Score [PAS] Versus Pediatric Appendicitis Score [CAS]) and evaluation of the diagnostic features of them. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all children admitted to the hospital's emergency center with a possible diagnosis of appendicitis (270 patients) during 2018 and 2019 at Tabriz Pediatric Hospital. Based on the clinical examinations and para-clinical findings some of the patients were underwent the surgical intervention (220 cases) and some discharged and followed up for a period of 2 and 4 weeks later (50 cases). The data were analyzed through SPSS ver. 16 software. Results: The results of the present study indicated that if CAS was associated with ultrasound, the specificity of these criteria would improve and could be more acceptable compared with the PAS. In addition, it was revealed that WBC≥ 11000, as well as PMN≥ 65% and guarding were very specific for diagnosis and complication of acute appendicitis. There was a significant relationship between US findings and pathology reports (P<0. 05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the CAS criteria were more sensitive and the PAS was more specific in diagnosing pediatric acute appendicitis.

Background and Aims: Driving is one of the occupations that afflict a person to get the musculoskeletal disorders because of the awkward working postures and imposition of stretch and strain in the driver’s body musculoskeletal system. We used the cushion for correcting driver’s body posture and their body conditions.Our goal in this study was the survey of cushion usefulness to posture correcting.Materials and Methods: 95 persons of bus drivers for this descriptive, analytic, interactive and cohort study were selected. In this research driver's postures while driving were assessed with RULA method (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) in two stages, before and after the cushion usage. Then the data were analyzed by Spearman, Wilcoxon and Paired Sample tests with the aid of SPSS software program.Results: The statistic tests results show that RULA Grand Score for these drivers is between 2-6. Wilcoxon test results for comparing of RULA indices before and after using the cushion show that using this cushion decrease neck score (P<0.001), trunk score (P<0.001) and Grand Score (P<0.001).Conclusion: This cushion affects correcting drivers posture but this correction isn’t so idealistic. Therefore our recommendation to designers is that further study and redesign of cushion is necessary to cushion optimizeation.

Background and Aim: There are many risk factors for osteoporosis which can help to decide whether a person needs bone densitometry or not. For reducing the cost of mass screening of osteoporosis, numerous risk assessment methods have been created, from which Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation (SCORE), Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument and Osteoporosis Self Assessment Tool (OST) are the most recognized ones. The objective of this study was to compare SCORE and OST in osteoporotic and high risk women.Materials and Methods: SCORE and OST were calculated for 210 postmenopausal women in Loghman Hospital. After bone densitometry the women were categorized as healthy, osteoporotic (T-score< -2.5), or high risk (T-score<-2). The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, likelihood ratio (LR), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the tests were determined. Then their true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative were assessed by chi2 test.Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.3 y. 43 (20.3%) had osteoporosis and 88 (41.7%) were at risk. The PPV and NPV of OST was 39.2% and 91.6%, respectively, while they were 34.2% and 97.8% for SCORE, respectively. The sensitivity of SCORE was higher in osteoporotic and high risk women (95% and 88.2%, respectively). In addition, it’s NPV and diagnostic odds ratio was higher. The specificity of OST was higher in osteoporotic and high risk women (71.4% and 75.4%, respectively). In addition, it’s LR was higher.Conclusion: Considering the area under the curve for ROC in 95% CI, the difference between two methods was not statistically significant, however, SCORE can exclude low risk population with higher sensitivity and NPV, while OST is useful for detecting high risk population with its better specificity and PPV. 

In order to be successful in sports and international affairs, federations must adjust their programs and goals to achieve the highest sports positions in the world and Asia, and avoid immediate, emotional, and random decisions. To this end, identifying the environment of the federation is the first and most necessary step to develop appropriate and efficient strategies. Here in this study, the critical areas of Islamic Republic of IRAN Fencing Federation performance were determined and an internal and external environmental analysis were done to predict the federation expectations for the future orientations and strategies. Accordingly, seven critical areas of performance were determined including, in order of priority, public and international relations, talent identification and heroism, human resource development, structure and organization, sporting events, facilities and equipment, and marketing and financial resources. Then, the internal and external environment of the federation for each of the identified key areas were analyzed and discussed. The strengths and limitations were identified with the aid of SCORE model. Macro and micro external environment analysis were done at two levels including; opportunities and risks environment analysis. Critical performance, expectations, or qualitative goals of the federation were developed for each of the critical areas. The obtained results can be later applied to develop future prospective of Islamic Republic of IRAN Fencing Federation strategies and operational plans.

Background: Determination of the correct working length is one of the main factors that lead to success in root canal therapy. This laboratory study aimed to compare the accuracy of conventional (F, E-speed) radiography and Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) digital radiography in working length measurement.Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, access cavities were prepared in 40 extracted maxillary central incisors with straight and single canals. Size 15 K-file was introduced into the each canal until it was appeared through the apical foramen. The file was then removed and measured by a digital caliper with precision of 0.01 mm. Actual working length was considered 1 mm less than the measurement showed by the caliper (Gold standard). At the next stage, each tooth together with its related K-file was positioned in a dried skull and then, periapical conventional and digital radiographies were taken with parallel technique. All the radiographs were measured by two radiologists. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-test.Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between conventional and digital radiographies regarding working length measurement (P>0.05). Conventional and digital radiographies demonstrated significantly higher scores of working length measurement compared to the Gold standard (P<0.001).Conclusion: Although CMOS had no significant superiority over conventional radiography, if both techniques are available, using CMOS is recommended due to significant reduction of radiation dose.

Modern training methods to improve the learning of beginners in executive skills such as shooting is one of the topics of interest in recent researches. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a course of resistance training and neurofeedback on shooting indices related to psychological performance in military beginners. By using pretest -posttest plan and using the electronic scoring system, the shooting performance of 25 beginners, before and after 12 sessions of resistance training and reinforcement of SMR wave in C4 and reinforcement of alpha wave in F3 was studied .Statistical analysis was done using Graph Pad Prism 9 software and considering 5% measurement error, and it was found that training interventions increased the shooting score in resistance(P=0.0011), resistance-neurofeedback(p<0.0001) and neurofeedback(P=0.0014) groups; decrease in shooting speed in resistance (P=0.0014), resistance-neurofeedback(P<0.0001) and neurofeedback(P=0.0372) groups, increased stability in resistance(P=0.0005), resistance-neurofeedback(P<0.0001) and neurofeedback(p=0.029) groups. But accuracy did not change significantly. Also, the follow-up test between groups in the post-test showed the changes in the shooting speed in the resistance-neurofeedback group compared to the resistance group(P=0.0124) and the stability in the resistance-neurofeedback group compared to the resistance group(P=0.0315) and neurofeedback(p =0.0001) has been better.

Purpose: To investigate changes in meibomian gland morphology and impact of electronic device usage time on meibomian glands in pediatric age group. Methods: In this prospective study, 149 eyes of 149 children were enrolled. The participants also completed the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire and provided information regarding weekly hours spent in front of a digital screen. Meibography was performed in all subjects. Grading of images was evaluated using a previously validated 5-point meiboscale (0– 4) for meibomian gland atrophy and a 3-point scale for meibomian gland tortuosity (0– 2). Results: Of the 149 enrolled children, 83 (55. 7%) were female and 66 (44. 3%) male. The mean age was 13. 0 ± 3. 0 (range, 5– 18) years. The mean loss of meibomian gland area was 20. 80 ± 9. 32%. The mean meiboscore was 1. 20 ± 0. 58 for gland atrophy and the mean tortuosity score was 0. 99 ± 0. 62. The mean screen time was 29. 32 ± 16. 18 hr/week. There was a weak and significantly positive correlation between loss of meibomian gland area and screen time (r = 0. 210, P = 0. 010). There was a weak and significantly positive correlation between meiboscore for gland atrophy and screen time (r = 0. 188, P = 0. 022). We found a weak but significantly positive correlation between meibomian gland tortuosity and screen time (r = 0. 142, P = 0. 033). Conclusion: Meibomian gland morphology may show changes in pediatric age group and excessive screen time may be a factor triggering these changes in gland morphology.